Assuming that you have a fix button height, you could calculate the scroll position like this:
var scrollPosition = buttonIndex * buttonHeight;
And set the ScrollVertical property on your ScrollContainer:
scrollContainer.ScrollVertical = scrollPosition;
If you have spacing between the items, you could use the GetConstant of the VBoxContainer with the separation parameter to get it:
var itemSpacing = vBoxContainer.GetConstant("separation");
var scrollPosition = buttonIndex * buttonHeight + buttonIndex * itemSpacing;